Territory: 6,95 million sq. km.
Population: 7,9 million people, of which 73,64% are residents of the city.
Geographical position: The district is located in the northeast of Eurasia and occupies about 40% of the territory of the Russian Federation. Most of it is plateaus, highlands and ranges, and plains make up less than a quarter of the area. A significant part of the Far Eastern Federal District is located in the regions of the Far North and permafrost. In the west, it borders on the Siberian Federal District, in the south - on Mongolia, China and North Korea, in the southeast - by sea with Japan, and in the northeast - on the United States.
Climate: the length of the territory causes its change from sharply continental to monsoonal. The average annual temperature varies from -10°С in the north to +6°С in the south. Precipitation is also characterized by a large spread: from 200 mm to 1000 mm. The relative humidity index does not fall below 65%, and in some areas exceeds 95%. Winter comes in November, and the average January temperature ranges from -22°C to -24°C. Summer comes gradually, and the first warm days fall at the end of May-beginning of June. Average temperature in July: +19°С.
Soils: about half of the local soils are mountainous. There are also taiga and tundra podburs (about 19%), taiga and tundra gley (15%), and various marsh soils (10%). Over 10% is occupied by arctic, tundra and marsh soil complexes. Mucky-calcareous and soddy-calcareous soils account for 9% of the territory of the region, podzols and fawn soils - 8% each, over 7% of the soil cover is burozems, about 5% - floodplain soils and about 3% - volcanic.
Agricultural land area: 18804,8 thousand ha, of which 4102,3 ha is arable land.
In this review, we took a closer look at the performance of the sub-sector in eight out of 11 regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, with milder conditions for crop production.
We thank the regional bodies of the agro-industrial complex for their help in preparing the material.
Amur Region
Last season, with an average yield of 16,95 t/ha, 31,1 thousand tons of products were obtained.
The main potato producers are the Semena farm, S.E.V. farm, E. S. Izbosarova, A. P. Nazaretyan farm, Nika farm, Laikagro LLC, Rust-Agro LLC, KFH Alekseev A. A., KFH Cherutov A. I., KFH Radjabov Sh. N., OOO "Rus Vostok", KFH Nesterenko V.P., KFH "Kruglikov", KFH "Sergienko", KFH "Kozhevnikov", KFH Sokovsky V. Yu.
The only seed-growing farm of the KFH "S.E.V." annually produces up to 500 tons of potato seeds of higher reproductions. Part of the planting material for variety renewal is imported from outside the region.
There are only 42 potato and vegetable stores in the region with a capacity of 39,12 thousand tons. Of these, 35% have capacities for undermining and primary processing. In most farms, storage facilities are hopelessly outdated, which deprives farmers of the possibility of year-round storage of products.
Last year, state support was provided to farmers from the regional budget to increase potato production, part of the costs of storage facilities were reimbursed, preferential investment loans and grants were provided, and elite seed production was supported.
In the new season, potatoes are planned to be planted in the region on an area of 2,1 thousand hectares, which is 200 hectares more than in 2022. And in two years it is planned to increase the production of potatoes in the organized sector up to 63 thousand tons.
The Republic of Buryatia
The gross harvest last season approached 29,4 thousand tons with an average yield of 19,58 tons/ha. In 2021, farmers harvested 24,6 thousand tons of products, in 2020 - 23,7 thousand tons.
Among the largest enterprises engaged in the cultivation of potatoes are Healthy Nutrition LLC, Garantiya-2 LLC and Gazar LLC.
In 2023, it is planned to increase the area under potatoes by 15%, while three certified seed farms in the region will provide planting material for farmers.
In the new season, measures to support crop producers will be increased. Not only agricultural organizations and peasant farms, but also citizens who have personal subsidiary farms and are registered as self-employed will be able to count on subsidies within the framework of the federal project “Development of Vegetable and Potato Growing”.
State support will also expand in terms of allocating additional rates to support potato production and providing subsidies for elite seed production.
The Jewish Autonomous Region
The average gross harvest in recent years has reached 32,5 thousand tons, the average yield is 13,3 t/ha.
On the territory of the region, only farms and personal subsidiary farms are engaged in the cultivation of potatoes and vegetables. For a long time, the lack of local seed production did not allow farmers to carry out timely variety renewal. Seeds of culture were purchased in Primorsky Krai, but already in the new season on the basis of the KFH Rak A.B. the cultivation of seed potatoes of domestic varieties will begin.
This year, tubers are planned to be planted on an area of 2,5 thousand hectares, the expected gross production is 32,5 thousand tons. A favorable end to the season should be facilitated by the participation of the region in the implementation of the subprogram "Stimulating the increase in the production of potatoes and vegetables" within the framework of the state program for the development of agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.
Trans-Baikal Territory
Last season, the volume of gross potato harvest in the region amounted to 10,3 thousand tons with an average yield of 12,7 t/ha. In 2021 and 2020, the average yield was 10,8 t/ha and 10,1 t/ha, respectively.
There are six large potato-growing farms operating in the region: Novy Materik LLC, Zabaikalye Potato LLC, Kenonskiy PSK, Favorit LLC, Sambuyeva Ch. B. KFH, Dun E. Zh.
At the end of last year, the organized sector was provided with seed material for 130% of the need, which amounted to about 1,5 thousand tons. In 2023, it is planned to receive more than 10,5 thousand tons of products.
A concept for the development of potato growing has been developed in the region, within the framework of which it is planned to almost double the production of crops by 2025 and build storage facilities with a capacity of up to 5 thousand tons.
Last year, state support measures for specialized farms included subsidizing part of the costs of crop production, elite seed production, the purchase of goods, works, services, and others.
Kamchatka
The volume of gross potato harvest in the organized sector in 2022 amounted to 16,1 thousand tons (with a yield of 18,61 t/ha), in 2021 - 16 thousand tons (17,49 t/ha), in 2020 - 17 thousand tons (19,42 t/ha).
JSC Zarechnoye, SHP Ovoshchevod, LLC Khutorok, KFH Michurina L.V. specialize in growing crops in the region. LLC Kholkam Agro is also a seed farm that breeds elite seeds with further sale to producers and the public.
In general, agrarians are provided with planting material, and the lack of seed potatoes of high reproductions is replenished by importation from other regions. The costs of its purchase and delivery are compensated by the regional budget at the rate of 12 rubles per kilogram.
Currently, there are 25 vegetable and potato stores in the region. But some of them were built back in the 1980s, so they require major repairs and equipping with modern technological equipment.
Within the framework of the regional state program "Development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs in the Kamchatka Territory", measures are being developed to support the construction of new storage facilities.
Primorsky Krai
Last year, the gross potato harvest amounted to 64,6 thousand tons with an average yield of 20,12 t/ha, and this figure is growing. In 2021, 62,2 thousand tons (17,95 t/ha) were harvested in the region, and 2020 thousand tons (51,5 t/ha) in 17,34.
The main producers of potatoes are Sovkhoz Fadeevsky LLC, Putsilovskoye LLC, Morozova T. A., KF Grishko A. I., Trubitsyn V. T., Efimenko A. V., Tsoi A. T. KFH Bondar A. A., KFH Kim D. Kh., KFH "Vasilki".
Thanks to the work of scientific institutions and the activities of LLC "Putsilovskoye", local agricultural producers and the population are provided with high reproduction potato seeds.
The need for potato and vegetable storage facilities is 90 thousand tons, but today there are only 54 storage facilities with a capacity of 37,6 thousand tons. In the upcoming season, it is expected to put into operation new capacities for 3 thousand tons of products.
In the region, at the expense of state support, subsidies are provided for the purchase of specialized machinery and equipment used for the production of vegetables and potatoes, as well as the construction of spring greenhouses. It provides for reimbursement of 20% of direct costs for the construction and reconstruction of storage facilities, as well as compensation for part of the costs for the production and sale of potatoes and open ground vegetables.
Sakhalin Region
Last year, the gross harvest in the commodity sector amounted to 47,5 thousand tons (with a yield of 24,5 t/ha), in 2021 - 44,1 thousand tons (with a yield of 24,1 t/ha), in 202 -m - 47,24 thousand tons (yield 24,5 t/ha).
11 enterprises and more than 70 farms are engaged in the cultivation of crops. Leading producers - JSC State Farm Yuzhno-Sakhalinskiy, JSC State Farm Teplichny, JSC Sokolovsky, JSC State Farm Zarechnoye, OOO Novoye, KFH Evtyaev V. G., KFH Zhuravlev O. S., KFH " Rus'".
Local farmers purchase seed potatoes of elite categories for variety renewal and variety change in seed farms in other regions of Russia.
Agricultural producers have at their disposal 53 potato and vegetable stores with a total volume of 61 tons, seven of which have been built over the past 10 years. Refrigeration equipment is available in six storage facilities (total capacity - 2,95 thousand tons).
Support within the framework of the sectoral state program "Development of agriculture in the Sakhalin region and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets" is provided in order to develop elite seed production, improve soil fertility on agricultural land, and provide unrelated support to reimburse part of the costs of a complex of agrotechnological works.
Starting from 2023, in the course of the implementation of the federal project “Development of Vegetable and Potato Growing Industries,” financial support is provided for part of the cost of supporting potato production.
The potato area in the new season will be 1,96 thousand hectares, and its increase is not planned for the future. Gross production will increase due to the increase in crop yields.
Khabarovsk Krai
In 2022, the sown area under potatoes in the organized sector increased by 4,7% compared to the previous season and amounted to 883 hectares, while 8,4 thousand tons of products were harvested. In connection with natural emergencies in the region, 55 hectares of crops died, the predicted losses are estimated at 4,3 thousand tons. The average crop yield is 13,33 t/ha (104% compared to last year).
The key enterprises for the production of potatoes are
OOO SHP Kolos, OOO Chernyaevskoye and OOO Amur Agricultural Enterprise. Last season, two seed farms were created in the territory of the region, which have already produced 300 tons of planting material.
The availability of seeds for the future harvest at the beginning of the year amounted to 85% with a total need of 150 thousand tons. The missing volume is planned to be purchased from the leading farms in Siberia and the Far East.
The storage capacity of operating potato and vegetable stores is 46 thousand tons. But for year-round storage of agricultural products, capacities of at least 150 thousand tons are required.
Support measures are in place in the region to gradually solve this problem, including grants for the reconstruction and modernization of storage facilities. In 2022, 27 million rubles were allocated for these purposes, and in 2023, 35 million rubles are provided in the local budget.
The plans for the current season are to increase the volume of potato production. According to the forecast, the region will reach a sown area of 1,1 thousand hectares, or 124,6% compared to the previous year.
Irina Berg