From the magazine: No. 3 2016
Category: Region
Territory: 76624 km2
Population: 3 people, of which 260% are residents of the city.
Geographical position: The Nizhny Novgorod region borders in the north-west with the Kostroma region, in the north-east - with the Kirov region, in the east - with the Republics of Mari El and Chuvashia, in the south - with the Republic of Mordovia, in the south-west - with the Ryazan region, in the west - with the Vladimir region and Ivanovo regions.
Climate: temperate continental, with cold, long winters and short, warm summers. The main differences in climate appear along the north-south line, between the Volga region and the Right Bank. The average annual air temperature varies from 3.0ºC in the north to 4.5ºC in the south of the region. During the year, about 600-650 mm of precipitation falls in the Volga region and 500-550 mm in the Right Bank, with two-thirds in the form of rain. From September to May, south and south-west winds prevail in the region, and in the summer months - north-west. The average annual wind speed is 3-4 m/s.
Relief: the region is located in the central part of the East European Plain. The territory is divided into two almost equal parts: the forest lowland Trans-Volga region (with an area of 42 thousand km2) and the almost treeless elevated Volga region.
Soils: sod-podzolic and podzolic soils prevail (66% of the territory); gray forest occupy 16,3%; chernozemic 7,9%; alluvial floodplain 3,6%; marsh and peat 6,2%.
Agricultural land area: 3059,7 thousand ha
The main task facing workers in the agro-industrial complex of the Nizhny Novgorod region is to successfully resolve the issues of self-sufficiency of the region with basic food products. And potatoes in the Nizhny Novgorod region are among the most important agricultural crops and are used for food and feed purposes, and are also a raw material for the processing industry.
On supporting potato growing in the Nizhny Novgorod region
From 2016, it is planned to provide subsidies to agricultural producers to provide unrelated support in the development of seed potatoes and open-ground vegetables. Subsidies will be issued per 1 hectare of sown area occupied by seed potatoes and open ground vegetables. The provision of this state support is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region No. 12.06.2016 dated June 451, 2016. In 5,9, 1,9 million rubles from the federal budget and XNUMX million rubles from regional budget.
Agroindustrial complex organizations engaged in potato growing have the right to receive subsidies to reimburse part of the interest rate on short-term and investment loans attracted for the purpose of developing potato production in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 28.12.2012, 1460 No. 25.03.2013 and Decrees of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region dated March 173, 02.11.2012 No. 781, dated XNUMX No. XNUMX.
In addition, the Federal Target Program “Development of Reclamation of Agricultural Lands in Russia for 2014 – 2020” operates in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Within the framework of this program, subsidies are provided for the construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of irrigation and drainage systems for general and individual use, including for growing potatoes.
The subsidy is paid to recipients in an amount not exceeding 50% of the amount of costs actually incurred and paid, but not more than 50% of the estimated cost of construction (reconstruction, technical re-equipment) of reclamation systems. In 2016, 2016 million rubles were approved for this area in the law “On the regional budget for 60”, including 54 million rubles from the federal budget and 6 million rubles from the regional budget.
2015 Achievements
According to the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, in 2015, the area under potato in farms of all categories amounted to 52,3 thousand hectares (104% of the 2014 level), 950,6 thousand tons (114%) were produced with average yield 183 c/ha.
The level of self-sufficiency in potatoes in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2015 was 122,2%. Today, the Nizhny Novgorod region meets its needs in full, and successfully sells surplus harvest to other regions of the Russian Federation.
Potato seed production
About 240 farms (77 agricultural enterprises and about 160 peasant farms) are engaged in the production of commercial potatoes in the region.
To ensure a stable supply of commodity producers with high-quality seed and planting material in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Elite scientific and production system operates. In 2015, it included 35 elite seed farms, of which 13 elite farms specialize in the production of elite potato seeds. Reproduction is carried out in 22 varieties. About 5 thousand tons of potato seeds of higher reproductions are produced annually, of which about 3,5 thousand tons are sold to other regions of Russia.
In addition, on the basis of LLC Elitkhoz (city of Bor) and LLC Agrofirma Metallurg (branch Novodmitrievskoye, city of Vyksa) there are two laboratories for the production of virus-free potato seeds. The functioning of laboratories for primary potato seed production allows for the annual production of about 220 thousand pieces of mini-tubers, which, along with annual clonal selection in propagation nurseries using culling by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), guarantees annual production of about 3-3,5 thousand tons healthy elite potatoes. These volumes fully cover the needs of farms in the Nizhny Novgorod region for seed material (I - III reproductions), followed by variety renewal or variety change.
Industry infrastructure
The success of potato farms largely depends not only on the development of modern growing technologies, but also on the development and improvement of storage systems. In recent years, many leading farms in the region have invested in the construction of new potato storage facilities with climate control and maintenance systems, and purchased equipment for sorting, storing, washing, peeling and packaging potatoes.
Examples include Latkin LLC of the Arzamas district, on the basis of which there is a modern storage facility for 20 thousand tons of potatoes, Agrotrade Company LLC, STEK LLC of the Bogorodsky district (storage facility for 25 thousand tons), Axentis LLC of Gorodetsky district (storage capacity for 20 thousand tons with a laboratory). AFG National Nizhny Novgorod LLC is constructing a new storage complex with a capacity of 16 tons in the Lukoyanovsky district.
In general, in the Nizhny Novgorod region there are potato storage facilities with a total capacity of 568 thousand tons. There are potato storage facilities built in the 60s of the last century that require major reconstruction.
Advanced farms
Both large agricultural enterprises and peasant farms operate in the region. An important condition for their movement forward is the transition to industrial production, using the scientific and technical potential of the industry and the best practices of the most successful enterprises in this area.
LLC "Latkin" (Arzamas district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 1400 hectares, the gross harvest was 50,4 thousand tons with an average yield of 360 c/ha. The farm has introduced Dutch potato production technology. Irrigation installations were purchased and put into operation on an area of 400 hectares, which allows increasing potato yields by 50%. Modern machinery and equipment is used, including self-propelled potato harvesters. In 2010, a multi-purpose potato storage facility with a controlled microclimate with a capacity of 20 tons was fully put into operation. The potato storage facility has a workshop for washing, peeling and packaging products, some of which are produced in vacuum packaging. In 000, complex equipment was purchased and put into operation, which includes washing, polishing, and packaging potatoes into small packages (2014-2 kilograms) with a capacity of up to 3 tons per hour. The farm has 40 potato storage facilities with a total storage capacity of 13 thousand tons, including 45,4 thousand tons of container storage and 4,5 thousand tons with refrigeration equipment.
Aksentis LLC (Gorodetsky district)
In 2015, 500 hectares of potatoes were planted on the farm. 21,9 thousand tons of potatoes were produced with an average yield of 438 c/ha. The following have been built and are functioning: a complex of commercial potato storage facilities with a total storage capacity of more than 15 thousand tons, with a technological corridor (for packaging commercial potatoes) with an area of 3 thousand sq.m.; a complex of container-type storage facilities for original and elite potato seeds with a total volume of more than 4,5 thousand tons; laboratory building for propagation of potato mini-tubers.
TNV "Mir" Yashchenko A.V. and company" (Gorodetsky district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 470 hectares, the gross harvest was 19,2 thousand tons with an average yield of 409,3 c/ha. There are seven potato storage facilities with a total capacity of 7,2 thousand tons.
LLC "PC "Nizhny Novgorod Potato System" (Shatkovsky district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 300 hectares, the gross harvest was 14,8 thousand tons with an average yield of 494,4 c/ha. The total storage volume is 13 thousand tons.
LLC "Zhniva" (Arzamas district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 290 hectares, the gross harvest was 14,5 thousand tons with an average yield of 500 c/ha. There are five potato storage facilities with a total capacity of 14,5 thousand tons, including 3,1 thousand tons of container storage and 3 thousand tons with refrigeration equipment.
Agrofirma Iskra LLC (Bogorodsky district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 450 hectares, the gross harvest was 11,9 thousand tons with an average yield of 264 c/ha. There are five potato storage facilities with a total capacity of 14 thousand tons. The storage facility with a capacity of 2,5 thousand tons is equipped with a refrigerator. It is an elite seed-growing enterprise for Red Scarlett potatoes.
LLC "FH Yalina A.P." (Arzamas district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 150 hectares, the gross harvest was 7,2 thousand tons with an average yield of 480 c/ha. There are two potato storage facilities with a total storage capacity of 7 thousand tons, including 500 tons of container storage and 500 tons with refrigeration equipment.
Collective farm "Red Lighthouse" (Gorodetsky district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 160 hectares, the gross harvest was 6,4 thousand tons with an average yield of 400 c/ha. There are five potato storage facilities with a total capacity of 4,5 thousand tons. It is an elite seed-growing enterprise for potatoes and grain crops.
LLC Labzin S.A. (Arzamas district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 100 hectares, the gross harvest was 4,5 thousand tons with an average yield of 450 c/ha. The farm has four potato storage facilities with a total storage capacity of 7 thousand tons, including 1 thousand tons of container storage and 1 thousand tons with refrigeration equipment.
Peasant farm Vizgunov K.V. (Spassky district)
The sown area of potatoes in 2015 was 80 hectares, the gross harvest was 3,6 thousand tons with an average yield of 450 c/ha. The total storage capacity is 10 thousand tons.
The development of such enterprises makes it possible to solve not only issues of food security with high-quality environmentally friendly potatoes, but also issues of development of rural areas. This is the creation of jobs, high wages, social improvement of the village, regulation of prices for basic food products.
Plans and prospects for 2016
In 2016, the program “Development of reclamation of agricultural lands in the Nizhny Novgorod region for 2016-2020” began to operate in the Nizhny Novgorod region. As part of this program, this year it is planned to increase the area under potatoes and vegetables due to irrigated lands by 3116 hectares and obtain more than 41 thousand tons of potatoes and vegetables under irrigation.
As is known, the yield of products from irrigated agricultural land is 2,5 times higher than from similar areas without irrigation, and labor productivity and the efficiency of using natural and material and technical resources, including fertilizers, increase two to three times. The yield of potatoes increases by 1,5-2 times and reaches 450-600 centners per hectare, vegetables - three times and reaches 300 centners per hectare. As a result, the introduction of irrigation leads to a reduction in the cost of goods for the end consumer.
In addition, much attention in the region is paid to solving problems of modernization and construction of potato and vegetable storage facilities that meet the necessary modern requirements. This is facilitated by the federal program for the modernization and reconstruction of potato and vegetable storage facilities, greenhouse complexes with co-financing from the regional budget. This year, it is planned to allocate about 10,0 million rubles from the regional budget for these events.
Material prepared Ministry of Agriculture of the Nizhny Novgorod Region