High-quality seeds are one of the conditions for obtaining a high yield. The following quality indicators are important: purity (absence of impurities of other crops, weeds, broken grains, straw, etc.), germination energy, germination, humidity, as well as the absence of seed contamination by pests and diseases. Having this data at the initial stage of crop cultivation, farms can use their resources more efficiently to obtain a high yield. Preparing seeds for the next season begins immediately after harvesting. Firstly, the moisture content of the seeds when filling is assessed; seeds with high humidity may self-heat (burn) during storage, caking, rotting and molding. Next comes the processing of seeds from impurities of other crops, weeds, broken grains, straw and other things.
To assess the quality of seeds, agricultural producers can contact the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The branch has 18 district and inter-district departments, represented in 21 settlements (districts) of the region. For many years, our specialists have been assessing the quality of seed material and providing consultations.
The germination of seeds and the further development of the crop in the field are directly affected by the contamination of seed material with diseases. With a strong initial infectious background, we will get later shoots, weakened plants during the growing season, early infection with diseases whose pathogens are airborne and airborne. Phytoanalysis of seed material helps farms competently approach seed treatment and save money.
As of 09.04.2024/158,32/1132, specialists from the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" in the Krasnoyarsk Territory inspected 2023 thousand tons (223 batches) of seeds of grain and leguminous crops from the XNUMX harvest on XNUMX farms.
Cereals. As a result of the phytoexpertise, it was established:
- the total infection of wheat, barley and oats seeds is 1,2 times lower than the previous year - 20,0, 16,9% and 16,5%, respectively;
— infection of grain seeds with root rot does not exceed the harmfulness threshold of 15%. Disease prevalence on crops was: 8,2% - wheat, 7,1% – barley and 3,3% – oats, which is lower than last year’s figures for the same date.
— helminthosporium and fusarium root rots appear on the seed material, while the infestation of seeds is 1,4 and 2,1 times lower than last year, respectively;
— smut spores were found in 7% of the analyzed grain seeds. The seed material of grain crops is infected with smut, mainly to a weak degree;
— wheat seeds are most contaminated with durum smut in the eastern group of regions, barley in the central group and oats in the western group.
Pulses. As a result of the phytoexpertise, it was established:
— the total incidence of seed material of leguminous crops by diseases is 11,3%, which is almost at the level of the previous year (11,6%);
— seeds are predominantly infected with ascochyta blight (78% of the analyzed volume), with a prevalence of 3,5%. Ascochyta blight, like fusarium blight, can cause root rot of seedlings;
— fusarium (the main causative agent of root rot) was noted in 64% of the studied volume of peas, with a prevalence of 1,1%;
— Alternaria blight was noted in 71% of the examined volume of seeds, the weighted average percentage of infestation was 2,6%;
— moldy fungi affected 48% of the studied volume of seeds with a prevalence of 1,5%;
— bacterial infection was detected in 48% of the analyzed volume, the weighted average percentage of seeds affected by bacteriosis was 2,0%;
— gray rot was found in individual batches of pea seeds (20% of the volume examined) with a prevalence of 0,4%.
Evaluation of the sowing qualities of seeds continues.