Work in agriculture does not stop for a minute. The sowing campaign is just around the corner, and farmers of the region are already preparing to take protective measures against weeds, purchasing drugs for next year.
To select the right herbicides, it is necessary to take into account the species composition of weeds. Specialists from the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" in the Krasnoyarsk Territory annually conduct crop surveys at the end of the growing season - during the flowering period of the largest number of weed species. In 2023, the main survey of crops for weeds was carried out on an area of 166,2 thousand hectares.
During the monitoring, specialists identified 60 species of weeds (from 7 biological groups), 25 of which were the main weeds (Table 1). The most numerous in terms of species composition is the group of young weeds (early and late spring, wintering and biennial). It accounts for 65% of the total volume of weed species, of which the following are widespread: wild oats, bristle grass, hemlock, tenacious bedstraw, white pigweed, bindweed buckwheat and weed hemp. At the same time, young spring plants were the most numerous biological group (58%). The share of wintering, biennial and perennial weeds in the weed complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was 12%, 7% and 19%, respectively (Figure 1).
Agricultural crops crops in the region are weeded mainly to a weak degree by a mixed type: oat-root shoot-rhizome-root-root (58,2% of the surveyed area), oat-root shoot-tap (13,6%), oat-root shoot-rhizome (10,5%) , oat-rhizoma (9,1%), oat-rhizome (4,1%), and rhizome (3,6%).
In the eastern, central and western groups of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the wild oat-root sucker-rhizome-root-root type of contamination prevailed and amounted to 60%, 80% and 59%, respectively. In the south of the region, the oat-root shoot-rhizome type of weeding prevailed, which accounted for 53% of the entire surveyed area of the group. The northern group of districts had the wild fall type of infestation on 80% of the group's area.
The species and quantitative composition of weeds is determined by the natural and climatic zonation of the territory of the region and differs in different areas of the region (Table 1).
Infestation of agricultural crops in 2023 by the most common weeds in the region by group of districts
number p / p | Name weed | Coef. Blockage (KZ) | incl. by district groups | ||||
Eastern | Cents | Zap-s | South | Northern | |||
Juvenile early spring | |||||||
1 | Common wild oat | 2,95 | 2,93 | 2,37 | 3,35 | 0,46 | 0,01 |
2 | Mary White | 1,65 | 0,2 | 2,7 | 2,43 | 0,26 | 0,01 |
3 | Cleavers | 0,66 | 0,77 | 0,17 | 0,79 | — | — |
4 | Convolvulus buckwheat | 0,16 | 0,14 | — | 0,23 | — | — |
5 | Buckwheat Tatar | 0,08 | — | — | 0,11 | 0,53 | — |
6 | Chickweed medium (wood louse) | 0,46 | — | — | 0,88 | — | — |
Juvenile late spring | |||||||
7 | Weedy millet | 0,68 | — | 1,29 | 0,43 | 6,21 | — |
8 | Chicken millet | 0,48 | 0,09 | 0,12 | 0,42 | 4,56 | — |
9 | Bristle (green, gray) | 0,76 | 0,04 | 0,59 | 1,14 | 1,7 | — |
10 | Pikulnik (two-cut, incense) | 0,68 | 0,43 | 0,57 | 0,84 | 0,89 | 0,01 |
11 | Shiritsa thrown back | 0,56 | 0,03 | 0,88 | 0,87 | — | — |
12 | Hemp weed | 0,43 | 0,22 | 1,93 | 0,24 | — | 0,01 |
13 | Common mallow (mallow) | 0,03 | 0,07 | 0,11 | — | — | — |
14 | Chamomile officinalis | 0,08 | 0,27 | 0,01 | — | — | — |
15 | Common pikulnik (gills) | 0,09 | 0,12 | — | 0,07 | 0,48 | — |
Wintering juveniles | |||||||
16 | Hemlock stork | 0,66 | 0,37 | 0,39 | 0,94 | 0,33 | — |
Biennial | |||||||
17 | Velcro protruding | 0,15 | — | 0,17 | 0,25 | — | — |
Perennial root shoots | |||||||
18 | Sow thistle field | 0,67 | 0,71 | 0,72 | 0,62 | 0,95 | — |
19 | Thistle pink | 0,3 | 0,73 | 0,34 | 0,01 | 0,51 | 0,01 |
20 | Linen common | 0,19 | 0,28 | — | 0,19 | — | — |
21 | field bindweed | 0,18 | 0,14 | 0,76 | 0,05 | 0,39 | — |
Perennial rhizomatous | |||||||
22 | couch | 0,16 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,22 | — | — |
23 | Mouse peas | 0,02 | 0,06 | — | — | — | — |
Perennial rhizomatous ferns and horsetails | |||||||
24 | Horsetail | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,06 | 0,2 | 0,08 | — |
Perennial taproot | |||||||
25 | Wormwood | 0,06 | 0,06 | 0,04 | 0,07 | — | — |
Basic survey materials are used to develop integrated weed control measures and form the basis for purchasing herbicides. Before the start of chemical weeding, in order to clarify the species composition of weeds, determine the area of treatment, the timing and norms of herbicide application, specialists of the Rosselkhozcenter, together with the agronomic services of the farms, will conduct operational surveys of the crops.