The complexity of breeding varieties resistant to late blight is due to the high variability of the pathogen, its rapid adaptability to cultivated varieties using the mechanisms of race formation and aggressiveness. New, more and more actively infecting plants of the pathogen race are constantly being formed.
The spread of late blight is facilitated by the genetic uniformity of the varietal composition observed in agricultural production. The larger the area occupied by the variety, the faster its resistance is overcome.
The analysis of the relationship between late blight causative agent and a host plant with different types of resistance carried out to date is based on data from a relatively short 30-year period.
During this period of time, two strategic directions of potato breeding have changed; the first is the transfer of dominant hypersensitivity genes from wild species to potato breeding varieties and the combination of these genes; the second is selection for field (horizontal) resistance, a high level of which is characteristic of some wild and primitive potato species. The most effective breeding direction is the combination of these two types of resistance in one variety.
One of the main ways to combat the disease is the cultivation of resistant varieties included in the State Register. Among them are Russian ones - Aurora, Aspia, Inspiration, Blueberry, Irbitsky, Lukyanovsky, Naiad, Nevsky, Nikulinsky, Radonezhsky, Rozhdestvensky, Rossiyanka, Ryabinushka, Sarovskiy, Madam, Luck, Enchanter, Yuna. In this category, there are also Belarusian varieties - Atlant, Alpinist, Belorussky early, Vikhola, Zarnitsa, Zdabytak, Zhuravinka, Lazurit, Naroch, Orbita, Suzorye, Temp - and Ukrainian ones: Zarevo, Lugovskoy, Lybid, Svitanok Kievsky.
Potato varieties (Gala, Timo-Khankiyan and Germes) were identified, which, in the context of a warming trend, demonstrate a high yield level for the Moscow Region, as well as resistance to late blight and alternaria.
Of the new varieties of domestic breeding with complex resistance to these diseases, the varieties Kupets, Mariinsky, Prize-winner, Tretyakovka, Alaska, Brusnichka, Kumach, Flame, Signal, Morning stood out.
List of sources used:
- Antonenko V. V. Development of late blight and early blight on potatoes and tomatoes in the Moscow region during abnormal weather / A. Zolfagari, V. V. Antonenko, D. V. Zaitsev, A. A. Ignatenkova, A. G. Mamonov, R. V. Penkin, A. Yu. Poshtarenko, A. N. Smirnov // Plant Protection and Quarantine. - 2011. - No. 12. - S. 40-42.
- Belov G. L., Derevyagina M. K., Zeyruk V. N., Vasilyeva S. V. Phytopathological examination of potato varieties in the conditions of the Moscow region // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2021. No. 05 (208). pp. 8–21.
- Ermishin A.P., Voronkova E.V., Kozlov V.A. // Genetic bases of plant breeding. V. 2. Private genetics of plants. Mn., 2010. S. 156–234.
- Zoteeva N.M. Species of the genus Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. as sources of enrichment of the cultivated potato gene pool: Abstract of the thesis. dis. … Dr. Biol. Sciences. SPb., 2005.